django rest_framework中GenericAPIView配合拓展类mixin或者视图集viewset可以复用其代码，减少自己编写的代码量。下面我要实现自己的视图类，以减少代码量新建一个myView.py

from collections import OrderedDictfrom rest_framework import statusfrom rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIViewfrom rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPaginationfrom rest_framework.response import Responsefrom rest_framework.settings import api_settingsfrom rest_framework.views import APIViewclass MyView(APIView):    queryset = None             # 模型数据    serializer_class = None     # 序列化类    filter_class = []           # 过滤字段    lookup_field = "id"         # 删改的查找字段    ordeing_field = ("id",)     # 排序字段    pagination_class = None     # 分页器    def get_queryset(self):        """        获取queryset数据列表        """        assert self.queryset is not None, (                ""%s" should either include a `queryset` attribute, "                "or override the `get_queryset()` method."                % self.__class__.__name__        )        self.queryset = self.queryset.all()        # self.filter_queryset()        return self.queryset    def filter_queryset(self, queryset):        """        过滤queryset数据        """        search_dict = {}        for fc in self.filter_class:            field = self.request.query_params.dict().get(fc)            if field:                search_dict[fc] = field        queryset = queryset.filter(**search_dict)        return queryset    def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):        """        获取序列化模型        """        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        kwargs.setdefault("context", self.get_serializer_context())        return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)    def get_serializer_class(self):        """        获取序列化模型类， 判断存在否        """        assert self.serializer_class is not None, (            ""%s" should either include a `serializer_class` attribute, "            "or override the `get_serializer_class()` method."            % self.__class__.__name__        )        return self.serializer_class    def get_serializer_context(self):        return {            "request": self.request,            "format": self.format_kwarg,            "view": self        }    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        """        创建一条数据        """        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        serializer = serializer_class(data=request.data)        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)        serializer.save()        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)    def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        """        更新修改一条数据        """        try:            instance = self.queryset.get(id=request.data.get(self.lookup_field))        except Exception:            return Response({"state": "fail", "msg": "未找到该数据"}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        serializer = serializer_class(instance=instance, data=request.data)        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)        serializer.save()        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        """        删除数据，传入的时数组，表示可以删除多条        """        try:            instance = self.queryset.filter(id__in=request.data.get(self.lookup_field))        except Exception:            return Response({"state": "fail", "msg": "未找到数据"}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)        instance.delete()        return Response({"state": "success", "msg": "删除成功"}, status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)    @property    def paginator(self):        """        分页器属性        """        if not hasattr(self, "_paginator"):            if self.pagination_class is None:                self._paginator = None            else:                self._paginator = self.pagination_class()        return self._paginator    def get_paginate_queryset(self, queryset):        """        获取分页queryset        """        paginator = self.paginator        if paginator is None:            return None        return paginator.paginate_queryset(            queryset=queryset,            request=self.request,            view=self        )    def get_paginated_response(self, data):        """        获取分页后的返回        """        assert self.paginator is not None        # print(self.paginator.page.paginator.count)        return self.paginator.get_paginated_response(data)    def order_by_queryset(self, queryset):        """        queryset数据进行排序        """        return queryset.order_by(*self.ordeing_field)class MyPagination(PageNumberPagination):    page_size = 10    # 表示每页的默认显示数量    max_page_size = 50  # max_page_size：表示每页最大显示数量，做限制使用，避免突然大量的查询数据，数据库崩溃    page_size_query_param = "page_size"   # page_size_query_param：表示url中每页数量参数    page_query_param = "page_num"   # page_query_param：表示url中的页码参数    def get_paginated_response(self, data):        """        重构分页返回的数据        """        return Response(OrderedDict([            ("total", self.page.paginator.count),            ("data", data)        ]))class MixinGetPageList:    """    get只获取分页数据    """    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        queryset = self.get_queryset()        queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)        queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)        serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)        return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)class MixinGetAllList:    """    get只获取所有数据    """    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        queryset = self.get_queryset()        queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)        queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)        return Response(serializer.data)class MixinGetList:    """    get获取分页和所有数据    """    all_serializer_class = None     # 获取所有的序列化类    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        queryset = self.get_queryset()        queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)        queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)        params = request.query_params.dict()        if self.pagination_class is not None and params.get("all") is None:            serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()            queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)            serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)        self.serializer_class = self.all_serializer_class        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)        return Response(serializer.data)class MixinPostCreateModel:    """    post增加数据    """    def post(self, request):        return self.create(request)class MixinPutUpdateModel:    """    put修改数据    """    def put(self, request):        return self.update(request)class MixinDeleteDestroyModel:    """    delete删除数据    """    def delete(self, request):        return self.destroy(request)class MyMixin(MyView):    """    增删改查    """    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        queryset = self.get_queryset()        queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)        queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        if self.pagination_class is not None:            queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)            # print(queryset)            serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)        serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)        return Response(serializer.data)    def post(self, request):        return self.create(request)    def put(self, request):        return self.update(request)    def delete(self, request):        return self.destroy(request)

定义的数据库模型，也就是models.py的模型

class Gender(models.Model):    class Meta:        db_table = "gender"    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名字", max_length=16)

序列化文件serializer.py

【资料图】

class GenderSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):    class Meta:        model = models.Gender        fields = "__all__"    def create(self, validated_data):        res = models.Gender.objects.create(**validated_data)        return res    def update(self, instance, validated_data):        instance.name = validated_data.get("name")        instance.save()        return instance

然后新建一个视图文件

from ani import modelsfrom ani.serializer import GenderSerializerfrom utils.myView import MyPagination, MyView, MixinGetList, MixinPostCreateModel, MixinPutUpdateModel, \    MixinDeleteDestroyModelclass GenderView(MyView, MixinGetList, MixinPostCreateModel, MixinPutUpdateModel, MixinDeleteDestroyModel):    queryset = models.Gender.objects.all()    serializer_class = GenderSerializer    all_serializer_class = GenderSerializer    filter_class = ["name__icontains"]    pagination_class = MyPagination    lookup_field = "id"    ordeing_field = ("-id",)

依次继承get、post、put、delete，实现查、增、改、删。

接下来对请求参数，及返回参数进行加密，加解密可以看我之前的文章

先新建一个MyResponse.py，自定义自己的返回类

import jsonfrom rest_framework.response import Responsefrom utils.encryption import setDataAesclass AESResponse(Response):    def __init__(self, data=None, secret="www", status=None, template_name=None, headers=None,                 exception=False, content_type=None):        enaes_data = setDataAes(secret, json.dumps(data))        super(AESResponse, self).__init__(data=enaes_data, status=status, template_name=template_name, headers=headers,                                          exception=exception, content_type=content_type)

将myView.py中的Response都替换为自定义返回类，新建了一个myViewEncryp.py

from collections import OrderedDictfrom rest_framework import statusfrom rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIViewfrom rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPaginationfrom rest_framework.settings import api_settingsfrom rest_framework.views import APIViewfrom utils.MyResponse import AESResponsefrom utils.tools import get_secretclass MyView(APIView):    queryset = None             # 模型数据    serializer_class = None     # 序列化模型    filter_class = []           # 过滤字段    lookup_field = "id"         # 删改的查找字段    ordeing_field = ("id",)     # 排序字段    pagination_class = None     # 分页器    def get_queryset(self):        """        获取queryset数据列表        """        assert self.queryset is not None, (                ""%s" should either include a `queryset` attribute, "                "or override the `get_queryset()` method."                % self.__class__.__name__        )        self.queryset = self.queryset.all()        # self.filter_queryset()        return self.queryset    def filter_queryset(self, queryset):        """        过滤queryset数据        """        search_dict = {}        for fc in self.filter_class:            field = self.request.query_params.dict().get(fc)            if field:                search_dict[fc] = field        queryset = queryset.filter(**search_dict)        return queryset    def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):        """        获取序列化模型        """        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        kwargs.setdefault("context", self.get_serializer_context())        return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)    def get_serializer_class(self):        """        获取序列化模型类， 判断存在否        """        assert self.serializer_class is not None, (            ""%s" should either include a `serializer_class` attribute, "            "or override the `get_serializer_class()` method."            % self.__class__.__name__        )        return self.serializer_class    def get_serializer_context(self):        return {            "request": self.request,            "format": self.format_kwarg,            "view": self        }    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        """        创建一条数据        """        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        serializer = serializer_class(data=request.data)        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)        serializer.save()        secret = get_secret(request)        return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)    def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        """        更新修改一条数据        """        secret = get_secret(request)        try:            instance = self.queryset.get(id=request.data.get(self.lookup_field))        except Exception:            return AESResponse({"state": "fail", "msg": "未找到该数据"}, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        serializer = serializer_class(instance=instance, data=request.data)        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)        serializer.save()        return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        """        删除数据，传入的时数组，表示可以删除多条        """        secret = get_secret(request)        try:            instance = self.queryset.filter(id__in=request.data.get(self.lookup_field))        except Exception:            return AESResponse({"state": "fail", "msg": "未找到数据"}, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)        instance.delete()        return AESResponse({"state": "success", "msg": "删除成功"}, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)    @property    def paginator(self):        """        分页器属性        """        if not hasattr(self, "_paginator"):            if self.pagination_class is None:                self._paginator = None            else:                self._paginator = self.pagination_class()        return self._paginator    def get_paginate_queryset(self, queryset):        """        获取分页queryset        """        paginator = self.paginator        if paginator is None:            return None        return paginator.paginate_queryset(            queryset=queryset,            request=self.request,            view=self        )    def get_paginated_response(self, data):        """        获取分页后的返回        """        assert self.paginator is not None        # print(self.paginator.page.paginator.count)        return self.paginator.get_paginated_response(data)    def order_by_queryset(self, queryset):        """        queryset数据进行排序        """        return queryset.order_by(*self.ordeing_field)class MyPagination(PageNumberPagination):    page_size = 10    # 表示每页的默认显示数量    max_page_size = 50  # max_page_size：表示每页最大显示数量，做限制使用，避免突然大量的查询数据，数据库崩溃    page_size_query_param = "page_size"   # page_size_query_param：表示url中每页数量参数    page_query_param = "page_num"   # page_query_param：表示url中的页码参数    def get_paginated_response(self, data):        """        重构分页返回的数据        """        secret = get_secret(self.request)        return AESResponse(OrderedDict([            ("total", self.page.paginator.count),            ("data", data)        ]), secret=secret)class MixinGetPageList:    """    get只获取分页数据    """    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        queryset = self.get_queryset()        queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)        queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)        serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)        return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)class MixinGetAllList:    """    get只获取所有数据    """    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        queryset = self.get_queryset()        queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)        queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)        secret = get_secret(request)        return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret)class MixinGetList:    """    get获取分页和所有数据    """    all_serializer_class = None    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        queryset = self.get_queryset()        queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)        queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)        params = request.query_params.dict()        if self.pagination_class is not None and params.get("all") is None:            serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()            queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)            serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)        self.serializer_class = self.all_serializer_class        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)        secret = get_secret(request)        return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret)class MixinPostCreateModel:    """    post增加数据    """    def post(self, request):        return self.create(request)class MixinPutUpdateModel:    """    put修改数据    """    def put(self, request):        return self.update(request)class MixinDeleteDestroyModel:    """    delete删除数据    """    def delete(self, request):        return self.destroy(request)class MyMixin(MyView):    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):        queryset = self.get_queryset()        queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)        queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()        if self.pagination_class is not None:            queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)            # print(queryset)            serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)        serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)        secret = get_secret(request)        return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret)    def post(self, request):        return self.create(request)    def put(self, request):        return self.update(request)    def delete(self, request):        return self.destroy(request)

其中加密的密钥是用户的token，或者写死的字符串，tools.py

def get_secret(request):    """    获取加密的key    """    return request.META.get("HTTP_AUTHORIZATION") or "wchime"

如果前端的请求参数加密，那么需要对参数解密，使用装饰器，decorators.py

def request_decrypt(func):    """    解密请求参数    只对data解密，data传入的必须是字典，不然没有update属性    """    def wrap(request, *args, **kwargs):        data = request.data        # print(data)        secret = get_secret(request)        decrypt_data = getDataAes(secret, data.get("text"))        if decrypt_data:            data = json.loads(decrypt_data)            del request.data["text"]        request.data.update(data)        # print(decrypt_data)        return func(request, *args, **kwargs)    return wrap

这时候视图文件需要装饰器解密

from django.utils.decorators import method_decoratorfrom ani import modelsfrom ani.serializer import GenderSerializerfrom utils.decorators import request_decryptfrom utils.myViewEncryp import MyPagination, MyView, MixinGetList, MixinPostCreateModel, MixinPutUpdateModel, \    MixinDeleteDestroyModel@method_decorator(request_decrypt, name="put")@method_decorator(request_decrypt, name="delete")@method_decorator(request_decrypt, name="post")class GenderView(MyView, MixinGetList, MixinPostCreateModel, MixinPutUpdateModel, MixinDeleteDestroyModel):    queryset = models.Gender.objects.all()    serializer_class = GenderSerializer    all_serializer_class = GenderSerializer    filter_class = ["name__icontains"]    pagination_class = MyPagination    lookup_field = "id"    ordeing_field = ("-id",)

项目文件结构

请求提交参数脚本

import jsonimport requestsfrom encryption import setDataAes, getDataAesd = {"name": "aaa"}body = setDataAes("wchime", json.dumps(d))url = "http://127.0.0.1:4000/ani/gender"print(body)data = {"text": body}res = requests.post(url, json=data)print(res.text)print(getDataAes("wchime", res.text))

打印结果